Tuesday, May 26, 2020

A PESTEL Analysis on the Australian Nuts Company - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2617 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Case study Level High school Did you like this example? COMPANY: Name: Australian Nuts Company Company Background: Australian Nuts Company is a family-owned established since 1987. This business is dedicated to sourcing, manufacturing and supplying the highest quality Nuts, Nut Spreads and Dried Fruit and mixed with different flavours, aromas, tastes and textures. The company is characterized for the high quality standards, innovative culinary ideas and support local Australian Farmers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A PESTEL Analysis on the Australian Nuts Company" essay for you Create order The customer value of the company is compromise each other to our daily operations from ordering to delivery and personalized touch for an exemplary level of service to the consumers. The company have many important competitors and the current position of the company is regulated by the Australian Nut Industry who standardizes prices and product quality, promoting a healthy competition among companies. Australian Nuts Company is located in Melbourne Australia with three stores in different suburbs. The head office is located in Albion suburb (Melbourne à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Australia). The production plant is located in Victoria à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Australia and in different countries around the world in stables climate zones depend of the type of nut produced when guarantee that the product has been produced with high standards of quality. China Where is China? China is in the Eastern side of Asia. The Asian Continent is the largest and most populous of all continents. (Whe re is China? . 2015) In the following two pictures is showed where exactly is China. Picture1 Source: Where is China? . 2015 Picture 2 Source: Where is China? . 2015 Picture 3 (Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s flag) Source: (China | history. 2015) Official name: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo (Peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Republic of China) Form of government:single-party peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s republic with one legislative house (National Peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Congress [3,0001]) Head of state:President: Xi Jinping Head of government:Premier: Li Keqiang Capital:Beijing (Peking) Official language:Mandarin Chinese Official religion:none Monetary unit:renminbi (yuan) (Y) Population:(2014) 1,364,038,000 Source: (China | history. 2015) PESTLE Political: Is necessary to consider which and how is the politic system inside the country when any company or any person want to do a business in this mentioned country. For the case of China even more due to is necessary to consider the possibility of nationalization of industries, in fact this happen in China in 1949. (Political Risk. 2015) Also is necessary to consider factors such as expropriation, confiscation, contract repudiation and currency inconvertibility. Furthermore, in China are probable scenarios to consider such as rampant inflation and currency devaluation. There are also risks to companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s employees of personal harm, and risk to the firm of extortion attempts. There is also some things to bear in mind, this is that in China sometimes is difficult to the companies which operates in China or want to operate over there, due to sometimes is hard to know exactly what the rules are, this meanly because over there in China always exist a battle between the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s central government and the local and provincial governments over applicable law, and non-observance or observance of it. Even in china this is well known by the Chinese, which says that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The mountains are high and the Emperor is far awayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Economical: An important announcement was done in 2014, which say that the nut industry probably will have a free trade agreement with China, which will see prices on Australian nuts drop to zero within the next five years. (Australian nut industry hopeful free trade agreement with China would eliminate all tariffs, particularly on walnuts, almonds and macadamias ABC Rural (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). 2015) This announcement is mainly due to a real and notorious increment of demand of nuts in China which are demonstrated in the following statements: Actually Australia is selling to China around $64 million dollars per year. Currently tariffs on the three biggest sellers, which are walnuts, almonds and macadamias, sit at about 25 per cent. Thee actually Australian Nut Industry Council director, Chris Joyce, says the industrys hopes for export growt h are riding on tariffs being abolished. We expect Australian exports to rise from the current $600 million to over a billion dollars by the year 2020. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“To do that we need more markets. China is the second largest market in the world for tree nuts, after USA. The Chinese market is the market that its expanding. Thats the market we want to access. This forthcoming trade deal is very important, more for the future than it is today. The Australian nut industry is investing millions of dollars to increase production. Walnut growers are no exception. Walnuts Australia, owned by Tasmanian company Webster, produces more than 90 per cent of the countrys crop. The current FTA thats being negotiated proposes that all tariffs on all nuts reduce to zero over five years. Thats what I understand is being discussed at this time. Meanwhile, Mr Joyce says the seed has already been sown for the nut industrys future expansion. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The trees are in the ground. You know tha t nut crops are coming well in advance of them actually being there, because it takes five to eight years to enter full production. Theres a lot of walnut trees in the ground, a lot of almond and macadamia trees in the ground, he said. Hes hopeful a China Australia free trade agreement could eventually see all tariffs on Australian nut imports abolished. I would be confident that we would see the total elimination of tariff on Australian nuts going into China over a reasonable period of time. I think something like five years would be a good result. The elimination of tariffs would put Australia on a level playing field with competitor Chile and may allow Australian nut exporters to break the stranglehold the US, the worlds largest producers of walnuts, almonds and pistachios, has on the Chinese market. How is showed in the statements above, China shows a really attractive market to the nuts and its merchandising over there, and additionally China is actually the second strong ec onomy in the world after United States of America. (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). 2015) The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in China was worth 9240.27 billion US dollars in 2013. The GDP value of China represents 14.90 percent of the world economy. GDP in China averaged 1252.79 USD Billion from 1960 until 2013, reaching an all time high of 9240.27 USD Billion in 2013 and a record low of 46.50 USD Billion in 1962. (China GDP. 2015). The following chart shows how Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s GDP is increasing year by year. Graph 1. Culture Actually China is a really large country, its traditions and customs vary importantly by ethnicity and geography. Nowadays there are more than 1 billion people, which represent 56 ethnic minority groups. However the largest group is the Han Chinese, with around 900 million people. Other important groups include the Manchus, the Tibetans, the Naxi, the Mongols, and the Hezhen, which represent the smallest group, with just 2,000 people approx. However Chinese and its rice is not just its major food source; rice for Chinese also meant a big help of growing their society, due to rice is part of Chinese culture. However there are also some food really present in the Chinese diet, which are also chicken and pork. (Chinese Culture, 2015) As this report is about nuts is important deepen in food culture and nuts in China. Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s cuisine is strongly influenced by ethnic diversity and geography. One of the most important styles of Chinese cuisine are Cantonese, which are stir-fried dishes, and Szechuan, which relies heavily on use of peanuts, ginger and sesame paste and also its known spiciness. The Macadamia Processing Companys supply chain manager, Kevin Quinlan, says its part of their culture. The Chinese culture is very much about eating nuts, and especially nut-in-shell, and as their affluence has grown their demand for all nut crops has increased as well, he said. Theyre used to cracking nuts by hand almonds, pistachios, and pecans that all the shells have some sort of break in them and they crack them open. (Is Chinas love for our native nut a production threat or marketing opportunity for Australian macadamia growers? ABC Rural (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). 2015.) Social: China is mainly organized along unitary principles and not federals. Both the government and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP; Pinyin: Zhongguo Gongchan Dang; Wade-Giles romanization: Chung-kuo Kung-chà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢an Tang), moreover, operate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“from the top down,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  arrogating to the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Centreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  all powers that are not explicitly delegated to lower levels. To run the country, the government and the CCP have established roughly parallel national bureaucracies extending from Beijing down to local levels. These bureaucracies are assisted by various à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“mass organizationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ e.g ., trade unions, a youth league, womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s associations, and writersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and other professional associationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ that encompass key sectors of the population. These organizations, with their extremely large memberships, have generally served as transmission lines for communicating and uniformly implementing policies affecting their members. No voluntary associations are permitted to function that are wholly independent of CCP and government leadership. (China | history, 2015) Technology: In 2012 Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s total spending on research and development was one trillion yuan ($164 billion), just under 2% of its gross domestic product. The same year, the U.S. spent $447 billion, or 2.8% of its GDP. But as Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economy continues to grow rapidly, so does its RD spending à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s projected to overtake that of the United States by 2022. Scientific advances contributed 51.7% to Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economic growth in 2011, and the country is betting that technical innovations can help it address many challenges, including the need to upgrade its industrial base, reduce air pollution and address growing inequality. (Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rise as a major contributor to science and technology. 2015) The Chinese government unveiled its à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“indigenous innovationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  campaign in 2006, with a goal of turning the country into a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“science powerhouseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  by 2020 through an emphasis on human capital. Approximately 7 million Chinese citizens will graduate from college in 2014, up from just 1.1 million in 2001, and the country wants to lure back Chinese-origin scientists working abroad. Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s increasing number of academics have pushed China up in global rankings of published science and engineering papers: The country was 14th in 1995 and by 2007 was second only to the United States. (Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rise as a major contributor to science and technology. 2015) Environmetal factors: Government takes serious matter especially in protection of the environment, where they impose a lot of regulations and laws to protect, control and prevention of pollution and also an improving of urban environment. The government also is contributing with a important number of NGOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s to try to maintain in good conditions the nature. Legal The legal representative of a company gets to make decisions. If a Chinese joint venture partner hires the legal rep, says Harris, it doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t matter whether you have the majority stake, or if youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re on the board. The legal rep still has the power. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Your Chinese partner can go to the bank and take out $2 million without your say,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  he adds. There is no such thing as an independent contractor in China à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I had a company of 15 people wh o signed a contract to develop an app for three years,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  says Harris. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Then when the app was developed the Chinese refused to pay and told them to get out.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The majority shareholder of a firm has to have been at the company for three years before an IPO can be made It has occurred before when Chinese companies were about to initiate an IPO when the majority shareholder has died, meaning that the move has to be sent back to the drawing board. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“China doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t like these super-fast IPOs like the U.S. does,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  adds Harris. A U.S. court ruling holds no truck in China à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Sometimes Americans will fight Chinese to have a dispute settled in a U.S. court, then the Chinese will battle them, putting up the illusion they care,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  says Harris. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Then the American court will favor the American company. But a U.S. court ruling has no jurisdiction in China whatsoeve r.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Do not terminate employees as if you are in the U.S. In the States a company can hire and fire at will, often for no reason at all without transgressing discrimination laws. In China an employee may be fired without notice or severance pay only if he or she has severely violated company rules; engaged in dereliction of duty or corruption that dents the employer; made business ties with another company; or is facing criminal investigations. Other reasons, which carry notice and severance, include an inability to perform following a statutory treatment period, and incompetence not remedied by relocation or training (which Harris highly recommends not to follow). Firing twenty employees, or more than 10% of the workforce, carries additional stipulations. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Americans are used to just firing people,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  says Harris. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t work that way in China.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Top five Chinese business laws everyon e should know. 2015) SWOT Strengths Weaknesses High customer satisfaction Capacity of production Build long-term relationships with customers and suppliers 100% environmentally friendly High hygienic standards Price very competitive Modern roasting techniques Managerial Commitment Oil/dry/flavour roasting techniques Natural raw materials Different and innovative flavours Fresh products Teamwork High Market Competition High production cost Lack of experience in local and international Markets Absence of reputation High risk of customer change resistance Opportunities Threats Faster Market Growing The best nutritional value Higher Quality Competitorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ vulnerabilities with some benefits of the product. Modern and attractive packaging Interest and demand for Australian nuts. Provide a clean and green environment Establish a new alternative to improve the lifestyle with more varieties of nuts Give the customers a confidence in food safety and ingredients. Customer Allergies Barriers of trade High sell prices for importing goods in China production costs in the home country References Australian nut industry hopeful free trade agreement with China would eliminate all tariffs, particularly on walnuts, almonds and macadamias ABC Rural (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). 2015.Australian nut industry hopeful free trade agreement with China would eliminate all tariffs, particularly on walnuts, almonds and macadamias ABC Rural (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-13/trade-australian-nuts-china-tariffs/5888452. [Accessed 10 May 2015]. China GDP | 1960-2015 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast | News . 2015.China GDP | 1960-2015 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast | News. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.tradingeconomics.com/china/gdp. [Accessed 10 May 2015]. The Worlds Top 10 Economies. 2015.The Worlds Top 10 Economies. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/022415/worlds-top-10-economies.asp. [Accessed 10 May 2015]. Political Risk. 2015.Political Ri sk. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.chinariskmanagement.com/Political.html. [Accessed 10 May 2015]. Where is China? . 2015.Where is China?. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.china-family-adventure.com/where-is-china.html. [Accessed 10 May 2015]. China | history geography :: Social, political, and cultural changes | Encyclopedia Britannica. 2015.China | history geography :: Social, political, and cultural changes | Encyclopedia Britannica. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/111803/China/71635/Social-political-and-cultural-changes. [Accessed 10 May 2015]. Is Chinas love for our native nut a production threat or marketing opportunity for Australian macadamia growers? ABC Rural (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). 2015.Is Chinas love for our native nut a production threat or marketing opportunity for Australian macadamia growers? ABC Rural (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-10-24/cr acking-nuts-in-china/5834734. [Accessed 10 May 2015]. Chinese Culture: Customs Traditions of China. 2015.Chinese Culture: Customs Traditions of China. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.livescience.com/28823-chinese-culture.html. [Accessed 11 May 2015]. Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rise as a major contributor to science and technology Journalists Resource Journalists Resource. 2015.Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rise as a major contributor to science and technology Journalists Resource Journalists Resource. [ONLINE] Available at:https://journalistsresource.org/studies/international/china/china-rising-science-technology-research-contributions. [Accessed 11 May 2015]. Top five Chinese business laws everyone should know à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  Red Herring. 2015.Top five Chinese business laws everyone should know à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  Red Herring. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.redherring.com/startups/top-five-chinese-business-laws-everyone-should-know/. [Accessed 11 May 2015]. https:// www.royalnutcompany.com.au/about-us/about-us https://www.austrade.gov.au/export/export-markets/countries/china/industries/Food-and-beverage#.VUiNuZWJgtp https://www.austnuts.com.au/industry.html

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Social Interaction, Verbal, And Nonverbal Communication

One in eighty-eight (88) children have been identified with autism in United States, roughly 30 percent higher than the previous estimates reported in 2012 (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). In addition, of the many different characteristics of people who are autistic, some of these are the non-verbal type. In this particular type of autism, children are mute and can only make sounds to communicate. These children have particular difficulty acquiring expressive communication skills (Schlosser Wendt, 2008), and they have difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication (Sicile-Kira, 2004). Research suggests children who have few verbal skills must be taught to communicate their wants and concerns to promote their cognitive and social development and to prevent behavior problems from emerging and in order to increase the possibilities of any language development in their future (Thompson, 2007). According to the study of Charlop-Christy, Le, and Kellet (2002), non-verbal children learn from tasks presented in a structured concrete format more easily than abstract (spoken language formats). Goel and Kunda (2011) suggests many children with autism think in pictures. Individuals with autism tend to rely on visuals rather than verbal representations to comprehend and express themselves (Goel Kunda, 2011). Children with autism are found to have strong visual processing skills, making them good candidates for an Augmented and AlternativeShow MoreRelatedThe role of Non Verbal Communication in the Facilitation of Social Interaction1496 Words   |  6 Pages1999). Communicati on is a dynamic process with the interacting components of sending and receiving information. Nonverbal cues may provide clarity or contradiction for a message being sent (Dunn, 1998). This is not to say that nonverbal forms of communication merely provide a modem of clarity for verbal communication, they can, and do, stand alone (Krauss et al, 1995). Facial expressions, body movements, gaze and posture can all be used to provide further emphasis to language communication or canRead MoreDiscuss the Role Non Verbal Communication Plays in the Facilitation of Social Interaction and the Consequences of Its Absence on Social Relationships1510 Words   |  7 Pages1999). Communication is a dynamic process with the interacting components of sending and receiving information. Nonverbal cues may provide clarity or contradiction for a message being sent (Dunn, 1998). This is not to say that nonverbal forms of communication merely provide a modem of clarity for verbal communication, they can, and do, stand alone (Krauss et al, 1995). Facial expressions, body movements, gaze and posture can all be used to provide further emphasis to language communication or canRead MoreVerbal and Nonverbal Communication1472 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch done on verbal and nonverbal communication. First, we need to know what verbal and nonverbal communication is. Nonverbal communication is the way in which people communicate, intentionally or unintentionally, without words. Nonverbal communication uses nonverbal cues including facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, body position, movement, the use of touch, and gaze (Aronson, Wilson, Akert, 2013). Verbal communication is what a person actually says. This communication relies on the wordsRead MoreUse Of Verbal And Non Verbal Elements1490 Words   |  6 Pagespeople to forget about the many aspects involved in communication as a whole. Communication is in part the verbal content, but also in part the nonverbal content. It is the nonverbal content, however, that holds the importance of the message and the underlying meaning being translated. But as it is now the 21st century, we have blindly become part of a social media oriented culture. A culture in which we have the unlimited access to any and all social medias at our fingertips. A culture where we haveRead MoreThe Importance Of Verbal And Nonverbal Communication1148 Words   |  5 Pagesinterpersonal communication. In this paper, principles of communication will be discussed and a personal experience will be given to relate into those principles. The Blocks of Communication The building blocks of communication vary in various principles. Those principles are called verbal messages, nonverbal communication, emotions and emotional messages, and the principles of conversation. Each of the principles engages in specific speciality for an effective interpersonal communication. Communication isRead MoreNonverbal Communication Involves The Processes Of Encoding And Decoding Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pages Nonverbal communication involves the processes of encoding and decoding. Encoding is the act of generating the information such as facial expressions, gestures, and postures. Decoding is the interpretation of information from received sensations from previous experiences. Nonverbal communication between people is communication through sending and receiving wordless cues. It includes the use of visual cues such as body language, distance and physical environments/appearance and of touch. It canRead MoreSelf Communication And Conscious Communication1478 Words   |  6 PagesHumans use two forms of communication in order to transfer and receive information to and from one another; conscious communication and sub- conscious communication (Harvard Business Review, 2011). We use these communication modalities to navigate various social interactions and convey certain images of ourselves to society. The conscious element of how humans convey information is deliberate (e.g. choosing to laugh at a joke) and controllable (e.g. changing the model of the car that we drive), theseRead MoreNonverbal Communication : Non Verbal Communication890 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature Review According to some psychologists, non-verbal communication varies based on a person’s cultural background, more so in the individualism-collectivism dimension. Additionally, studies have indicated that intercultural diversities in how verbal communications are observed can be traced to differences in facial signs that individuals from West and East look for when detecting emotions (Serlin, Berger Bar-Sinai, 2007). Therefore, people from distinctive cultures are expected to beRead MoreUncertainty Reduction Theory Of Health Communication927 Words   |  4 PagesUncertainty Reduction Theory in Health Communication Interpersonal communication comprises a basic element of healthcare service. It occurs through the processes of symbolic interaction, social penetration, and uncertainty reduction between two or more individuals. In medical practice, these fundamental components intertwine toward meeting a patient’s physical, psychological, and social needs. Thus, effective utilization of communication theories can dramatically improve quality of patient-careRead MoreNonverbal Communication in Foreign Culture vs My Culture1212 Words   |  5 Pagesexamples of the types of nonverbal communication that are specific to a foreign  culture and compare these to your own culture.  Ã‚  Analyse how the nonverbal communication of both cultures could impact upon business dealings between the two. Nonverbal communication is the act of communicating without speaking, and instead involves the use of gestures, facial expressions and body language and is an important part of how people communicate, sometimes more powerful than verbal interaction, and makes up a large

Friday, May 15, 2020

Introduction. The Bible Is One Of The Bestselling Books

INTRODUCTION The Bible is one of the bestselling books in the world, for this reason it is incredibly important for Christians and non-Christians alike to examine the reliability of the text. Because the nature of this paper is rather short, the historical evidence outlined will be brief and not all-inclusive. This paper will examine the writings and thoughts of many great people including Joshua McDowell, J. Walter Wallace and William Craig. For the purpose of clarity when discussing the Bible or Scriptures this paper is referring to the Christian Bible which totals of 66 Books. Additionally, the goal of this paper is not to prove the Bible is the Word of God, a message from God, or inerrant, meaning without error, or even that it is a†¦show more content†¦Old Testament scribes copied each manuscript meticulously, counting every letter and comparing it with the original (McDowell 1992, 50-51). If there was even a single error the copy was discarded and they began anew. Not only were th ese manuscripts incredibly accurate they also were numerous. The New Testament has over 24,000 manuscripts with the earliest copy dating about twenty-five years after the original (McDowell 1992, 52). In comparison, Homer’s Iliad, one of the most historically accepted manuscripts, has only 642 manuscripts with a 500-year gap between the original and the first surviving copy. Since Homer’s Iliad is considered reliable it seems the New Testament should also be considered a reliable copy of the original. SUPPORTING EVIDENCE #2 The reliability of the Bible as a historical document is the first form of evidence which points to the reliability of the Bible as a whole. The most trustworthy records of history are eyewitness accounts, writings of those who had a trustworthy source (such as an eyewitness), and archeological findings (Bowman 1965, 15). The Bible has all three of these evidences present. For instance, Exodus, Jeremiah, and Matthew are all examples of accounts written by firsthand eye witnesses. Luke and Acts were written by Luke who was a friend of many eyewitnesses. Furthermore, even eyewitnesses who were antagonistic towards Christians, such as Josephus, affirmed the truthShow MoreRelatedReliability of the Bible1777 Words   |  8 PagesInternational Christian Academy Lot 4505 Extra Street, Fourth Estate Subdivision Sucat, Paraà ±aque City, 1700 Values III Bible – Is it reliable? Group Members/ Researchers John Somontina Jung Jee Won Alfred Capati Cianna Sumayo Ryan Gimenez Martin Libo-on Table of contents Chapter I – Introduction. * Background of the study. * Statement of the problem/ Problem statement. * Significance of the study. Chapter II – Review of related literature. Chapter III – Methodology Read MoreThe Depiction Of Evil And The Heart Of The Story Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst mention of Adam and eve in the bible, man has continuously committed evil and co-existed with it. Regardless of whether it has always been there or man created it, evil has remained embedded within our society. Even in many classics in literature, the depiction of evil as the driving force and the heart of the story are common; this includes Harper Lee’s bestselling novel and social commentary â€Å"to kill a mockingbird†. Harper Lee creates and develops the book to comment on the negative, but alsoRead MoreThe Lost Truth : The Western Civilization2828 Words   |  12 PagesE. Woods, Jr. wrote a book called â€Å"How the Catholic Church built Western Civilization† to demonstrate that the Church’s contributions to Western societies go past the aspects of music, arts and architecture. As the tit le suggests, the author goes beyond: The Catholic Church built Western civilization. Dr. Thomas Woods completed a Bachelor of Arts at Harvard University and a Ph.D. in History at Columbia University. He is also the author of 11 New York Times bestselling books. In this essay, thereRead MoreThe Development Of The English Grammar2056 Words   |  9 Pagesspoken, as it appears on books to be the Winchester standard that had been as an important spoken dialect in the Monastery of Winchester, which it was also the main city of the English Kings. During the fourteenth century, the England kingdom had lost most of it dominion to the French, and because of that, the eminence or their leaders lost the totality of their connections of the French speakers. Some of the great writers like Geoffrey Chaucer and John Wycliffe- the bible translator, they begunRead MoreReflection Paper Temple Grandin2405 Words   |  10 Pagesdiagnosed with brain damage at the age of three and then, at the age of five, labeled Autistic. Today Temple Grandin, self-labeled as a recovered autistic, is a well-respected doctor in animal science, a professor at Colorado State University, a bestselling author, an autism activist, and a leading consultant to the livestock industry on animal behavior. While it is easily argued that Temple Grandin’s life does not represent the norm for most children with autism, her autobiography, Emergence: LabeledRead MoreBook Review Ongreatest Salesman in the World Part Ii3630 Words   |  15 PagesBook Review of The Greatest Salesman in the World Part II: The End of the Story Re-Submitted To: Prof. Parag Shah Submitted By: Varun Khimani Application No. – 61279 Read MoreDisability Is Not Inability3972 Words   |  16 Pagesâ€Å"DISABILTY IS NOT INABILITY.† DISCUSS THIS CLAIM IN RELATION TO LEARNERS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS. INTRODUCTION Today, there are many learners with a whole range of special needs that may set them apart from the majority of students in a classroom. These learners may have physically handicapping conditions – such as visual, hearing, orthopedic and speech problems; learning disabilities- based on slow progress in basic skills and language-related areas; emotional disabilities or even circumstantial disabilitiesRead MoreA Short History of Nearly Everything6112 Words   |  25 PagesA Short History of Nearly Everything is a popular science book by American author Bill Bryson that explains some areas of science, using a style of language which aims to be more accessible to the general public than many other books dedicated to the subject. It was one of the bestselling popular science books of 2005 in the UK, selling over 300,000 copies.[1] instead describing general sciences such as chemistry, paleontology, astronomy, and particle physics. In it, he explores time from the BigRead MoreA Short History of Nearly Everything6112 Words   |  25 PagesA Short History of Nearly Everything is a popular science book by American author Bill Bryson that explains some areas of science, using a style of language which aims to be more accessible to the general public than many other books dedicated to the subject. It was one of the bestselling popular science books of 2005 in the UK, selling over 300,000 copies.[1] instead describing general sciences such as chemistry, paleontology, astronomy, and particle physics. In it, he explores time from theRead MoreComparative Lexicology8448 Words   |  34 Pagesthey are a way of describing something in terms of something else.   In order to understand the metaphorical relationship, one must perceive the connection implied between the word and the object it is said to describe; however, the metaphors may be constructed on quite different attributes of the referent†¦ A word is a unit of language that carries meaning and consists of one or more morphemes which are linked more or less tightly together. Typically a word will consist of a root or stem and zero

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

African Civilizations And The Spread Of Islam - 1745 Words

Cornell Notes Topic/Objective: Chapter 8:African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam Name: Maddy Garza Class/Period: 4B Date: September 18, 2015 African Societies: Diversity and Similarities – Stateless Societies - Common Elements in African Societies The Arrival of Islam in North Africa The Christian Kingdoms: Nubia and Ethiopia Kingdom of the Grasslands Sudanic States The Empire of Mali and Sundiata, the â€Å"Lion Prince† City Dwellers and Villagers The Songhay Kingdom Political and Social Life in the Sudanic States Swahili Coast of East Africa The Coastal Trading Ports The Mixture of Cultures Peoples of the Forest and Plains: Artists and Kings; Yoruba and Benin Central African Kingdoms The Kingdoms of Kongo and Mwene Mutapa †¢ 800-1500 C.E. Byzantium and Islamic contact outside of Africa increased with assistance from changes in social, religious and technology †¢ Islam spreads to India reveals religious, commercial and military attributes †¢ Muslim Africa linked to Islamization through politics, trade and religion. †¢ 1450 – Islam provides contact between sub-Saharan Africa and the world. †¢ Mali and Songhay dependent on military power more so than in cultural unity. †¢ Differences between technology and ideology †¢ Lack of political unity in Africa caused byShow MoreRelatedAfrican Civilizations And The Spread Of Islam1114 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican civilizations and the spread of Islam The lower part of Africa below the Sahara, that area was never really isolated but it was hard and difficult to contact. Between 800 and 1500 C.E the contact with the â€Å"outside world† grew intensely. â€Å"Social, religious and technological changes took place that influenced many of the different people throughout the vast and varied continent.† Meaning that there was a lot of changes that helped transform the continent to what it is today. â€Å"African societiesRead MoreSpread of Islam in West Africa by Professor Abdur-Rahman I Doi649 Words   |  3 Pagesresearching, lecturing and administration in African societal studies. In his article â€Å"Spread of Islam in West Africa†, he traced the path that Islam as a new religion went throw before it spread into sub-Saharan region of West Africa focusing on the Empires of Ghana, Mali and Songhay, the Empires of Kanem-Bornu and Hausa-Fulani Land. He described the influence of Islam on the â€Å"Dyaogo dynasty of the Kingdom of Tekur†, who were the first black people accept Islam in 850C.E. They use to work in trades andRead MoreThe Nation Of Gods And Earths901 Words   |  4 Pagesimpacting African American culture and religious beliefs since its founding in 1964. The Five Percent Nation has empowered African American people through its belief that a black man being his own god and that black people are the mothers and fathers of civilization on Earth. The Nation of Gods and Earths was founded in 1964 by Clarence 13X. Clarence 13X, a former student of Malcolm X, was a prominent figure inside Nation of Islam during the early 1960s. Clarence 13X left the Nation of Islam afterRead MoreThe Greek And Greek Influence Of The Roman Empire1604 Words   |  7 PagesAnother empire would soon take many influences from the Greeks. In Rome, an empire was beginning to rise. Roman civilization had its roots in Hellenistic culture because they idolized them. They borrowed and enhanced upon the Greek intellectual accomplishments. As the empire expanded this would become increasingly important. As the Romans continued to expand their empire and influence, they were also spreading the culture of those who influenced them—the Greeks. The Roman Empire at their peak hadRead Morechanges in Africa from 500 C.E to 1500 C.E783 Words   |  4 Pagesover time in West Africa from the migration of Islam bringing its new faith, rituals, and establishme nt of a greater connection with the outside world through trade and cultural diffusion. However the unique African religion that existed beforehand was still retained; the African culture still believing in animism and polytheism even after the spread of Islam. From 1000-1500 CE the role of religion has seen changes and continuities influenced by the spread of foreign territories, economics, and political/socialRead MoreThe Change to Trade Routes Over Time926 Words   |  4 Pagestrade networks between African and Eurasia remained very important during this time period by means of the trade networks contributions to the Afro-Eurasian world. The ebb and flow of trade between Africa and Eurasia during the period 300 to 1450 C.E really reflects the struggles and fortunes of the three dominant religions in the area; Christianity, Buddhism and an upstart known as Islam. Although Christianity and Buddhism were well established by this time, the growth of Islam was a catalyst to manyRead MoreThe Effects of the Expansion in the Post Classical Period: the Islamic Civilization1702 Words   |  7 PagesPost-Classical Period: The Islamic Civilization The â€Å"Post-Classical Period,† was a time of change, expansion, and vast cultural diffusion. The Islamic civilization is a group that emerged from the Semitic groups of southwestern Asia, and moved to the Arabian peninsula in tribes, known as the Bedouin tribes, due to lack of water and food. The Islamic Civilization encountered the cultures of the Europeans, Asians and Africans, and connected into these civilizations because of the spread of the Muslim religionRead MoreQuestion One. What Affected The ‘Variety Of Africa’S Historical1054 Words   |  5 Pagesput a halt to the continuous drain of scarce labor and paved the way for the expansion of land concentrated forms of agriculture, and engaging smallholders, estates, and communal farms. The establishment of the colonial rule over the African interior reinforced African commodity growth in export. The colonial control facilitated the construction induced significant inflows of European investment, transpo rtation pavements, and profound changes in labor and land markets. Colonial regimes and settlementsRead MoreAncient Islamic Worlds And The Medieval Period1434 Words   |  6 Pages In many of the civilizations that have ever controlled apart of the world, have done some kind of trading in their history. This trading could be man-made, food, spices, or even more idea ridden things like ideology, movements, and idealism s. Although the trading of the man made things are easier than the idealism that are trades, those idealism still can and has effected a lot of civilizations. In Ancient Islamic worlds, the Byzantium Empire, and even during the medieval timer period they allRead MoreMali : The Largest Country1246 Words   |  5 Pageson camel and trade with the others soon they traded more than just gold. They traded spices, silk, luxury, and even peacock feathers. This went on for six years and everyone in Ghana lived happily. 5. Tanzania - Tanzania is located near the great African lakes. It has Congo on its left and Zambia and Malawi on its right. The highest mountains are located in Tanzania and it is the largest mountains throughout the whole West Africa. In 1964 it became the united republic of Tanzania. In 1961 before the

Can You Think Of A Time When Someone Presumed That You

Can you think of a time when someone presumed that you had a characteristic, either positive or negative, based on a group to which you belong without knowing you as an individual? Are you aware of ever having judged someone inaccurately? Unconscious biases are a fact of life. We all harbor them—and take them into the workplace. Unconscious Bias (also known as hidden bias or implicit bias) refers to bias that we are unaware of, and which happens outside of our control. It is a bias that happens automatically and is triggered by our brain making quick judgments and assessments of people and situations, influenced by our background, cultural environment, and personal experiences. Numerous studies since the 1980s have confirmed that people†¦show more content†¦And a third filter tempts us to accept information that confirms our beliefs about people who are different from us and to reject information that contradicts those beliefs. Explicit biases (also known as conscious biases) are evident in what people say and do, and chances are those who have such prejudices are aware of them. The manager who talks negatively about â€Å"the millennials† knows she holds the younger generation in low regard. The person who uses racist slurs doesn’t try to hide his dislike of other races. The executive who believes women shouldn’t be in leadership roles avoids recommending a female subordinate for promotion. These biases are all on the surface. Consequently, it’s relatively easy to see the connection between these individuals’ prejudices and their behavior in the workplace. Not so with implicit or unconscious biases. Without realizing it, we may prefer to associate with younger people rather than older people, or enjoy the company of women more than men, or react more harmoniously to people of our own race. More concerning: we may unconsciously associate one group with positive stereotypes and another group with negative ones. Recent studies in psychology suggest that we all have implicit biases and that these biases influence our decisions. Deep prejudices or stereotypes imparted by upbringing, culture and mass media that influence our perceptions about people and our behavior toward them. Skin color, gender, age are generallyShow MoreRelatedRelationships, Fate, And Freewill Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pages Sophomore Honors English Summer Assignment Period 3 Relationships, Fate, and Freewill Relationships aren’t just a romantic pairing between two people. A platonic friendship can be a form of a relationship. Student and teacher, boss and employee, business owner and customer are all examples of relationships. I feel that this thematic unit will represent relationships between different types of people, and also different type of relationships such as physical and emotional. For me, relationshipsRead MoreShould The Sale Of Organs Become Legalized?1494 Words   |  6 Pagesobligation to ensure that every race, culture, ethnicity or economical background has equal access to medical benefits. So is there an alternative solution to this growing crisis? One main alternative is the presumed consent system that is in place in a few countries around the world. Presumed consent is known as an opt-out system and means that unless the deceased has expressed a wish in life not to be an organ donor then consent will be assumed and their organs will be donated. Currently th ereRead MoreGovernment Overseeing A Compensation Donation System2300 Words   |  10 Pagesideal answer. Others have suggested something else that’s already in play at the EU. In the late 1990’s many European Union countries adopted the â€Å"presumed consent† idea, the concept is that when you die your organs are automatically donated unless the donor objects and expresses that they do not want to donate their organs. The countries with the â€Å"presumed consent† concept have seen a significant rise in organ donations, some countries have even almost been able to match the need for organs with theRead MoreThe Dead Poets Society s Central Theme875 Words   |  4 PagesKeating. Theme: As the film progresses, it becomes readily apparent that each primary character faces a challenge. These conflicts help suggest a theme, or central message, that the author and director are trying to impart to the audience. What do you consider to be Dead Poets Society‘s central theme? The Dead Poets Society’s major theme is Carpe Diem or seize the day. This was the message that Mr. Keating sent to all of his students through his lessons. He wanted them to stand out, find out whoRead MoreOnline Dating Essay863 Words   |  4 Pagescannot meet someone in their everyday lives so they turn to the internet to find a prospective partner, people us the internet as a way of meeting new people Online dating has become the new way of finding your soul mate The internet has made dating more convenient you no longer to have to go out to a bar and spend money trying to impress or you really don’t have, for people who are shy this is the perfect way to screen a potential in the privacy. I thought I would never talk to someone online norRead MoreEssay Prejudice Towards Men With Long Hair619 Words   |  3 Pagesethnicity. Another type of prejudice is when someone is judged strictly by the way they look. One firm example would be men having long hair. To many peop le, this type seems eccentric; however, it is more typical than presumed. I have witnessed this type of prejudice firsthand. My boyfriend has longer hair than I and for this reason, he has been discriminated against many times. For instance, many people assume he uses drugs because he has long hair. One example is when I was told that I shouldnt dateRead MoreIllness Narrative Essay929 Words   |  4 Pagesin class is an experience that I do not think I could ever forget. Listening to people share their raw emotions and stories of struggle and illness was eye opening, My own illness narrative could be described as a quest narrative and more specifically an automythology. This is because as I stated in my presentation, I became a better person, adopted skills that helped me deal with my father’s illness, understood what it is like to have someone close to you change due to a disease. The illness narrativeRead MoreThe Problem Of Drinking And Driving1608 Words   |  7 Pages(ages 16-20) are 17 times more likely to die in a crash when they have a bloo d alcohol concentration of .08% than when they have not been drinking (â€Å"Teen Drinking and Driving†). Adults and teenagers think it okay to still drink and drive, because people believe they are less drunk than they actually are (â€Å"ReachOut.com†). If someone is drinking and they end up getting drunk, in their head, they believe they can do more than what they actually can do. They feel confident they can drive extra carefullyRead MoreBurning Up by Caroline B. Cooney Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesarson walks by smoking, and seeing the open cans of paint and turpentine, throws a match into the church. Setting it into blazes. The whole group, including, Macey, Austin, Venita, Lindsay, Grace, Chamique, and Davonn. They end up getting stuck because of a fire exit being blocked from the outside, because a few weeks before a 4 year old was stabbed by an intruder who got in this way. Macey’s hair caught fire while she was running out. Austin, put it out in time to save her face from burning with hisRead MoreEthical: Research and Manufacturing Company1065 Words   |  5 Pagessurvey? I do not think it is ethical for a manufacturing company to invent a fictitious research company. I think 3 things that are not good can come from it. The first thing is the manufacturing company might not have the expertise in surveys. Second is there a point to the survey or to test loyalties. Third is the amount of distrust that comes from creating a fictitious company. If distributors ever learn about this then there can be major problems with trust and relationships. When thinking about

Troilus and Cressida Essay Example For Students

Troilus and Cressida Essay A monologue from the play by William Shakespeare ULYSSES: Time hath, my lord, a wallet at his back,Wherein he puts alms for oblivion,A great-sized monster of ingratitudes. Those scraps are good deeds past, which are devouredAs fast as they are made, forgot as soonAs done. Perseverance, dear my lord,Keeps honor bright; to have done, is to hangQuite out of fashion, like a rusty mailIn monumental mockry. Take the instant way;For honor travels in a strait so narrowWhere one but goes abreast. Keep, then, the path;For emulation hath a thousand sonsThat one by one pursue. If you give way,Or hedge aside from the direct forthright,Like to an entred tide they all rush byAnd leave you hindmost; Then what they do in present,Though less than yours in past, must oertop yours;For time is like fashionable host,That slightly shakes his parting guest by th hand,And with his arms outstretched, as he would fly,Grasps in the comer. The welcome ever smiles,And farewell goes out sighing. Let not virtue seekRemuneration for the thing it was. For beauty, wit,High birth, vigor of bone, desert in service,Love, friendship, charity, are subjects allTo envious and calumniating time.One touch of nature makes the whole world kin,That all with one consent praise new-born gawds,Though they are made and moulded of things past,And give to dust that is a little giltMore laud than gilt oer-dusted.The present eye praises the present object.Then marvel not, thou great and complete man,That all the Greeks begin to worship Ajax;Since things in motion sooner catch the eyeThat what not stirs. The cry went once on thee,And still it might, and yet it may again,If thou wouldst not entomb thyself aliveAnd case thy reputation in thy tent;Whose glorious deeds, but in these fields of late,Made emulous missions mongst the gods themselvesAnd drave great Mars to faction.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Media Deprivation Sample Essay Example For Students

Media Deprivation Sample Essay In today’s society about everyone is connected to some type of media whether they realize it or non. Media goes far beyond the typical computing machines. telecasting. wireless. or newspapers. In fact. media spans from picture taking and picture gambling to autos. planes. coachs and rinsing machines and vacuities. When challenged to strip myself from media for 8 consecutive hours. my first idea was that it was traveling to be impossible. Although it was hard at first to wholly cut myself off of what was so prevailing in my life. it was in fact possible. My first hr of the want started around one o’clock in the afternoon. To get down things off my fellow. Chris. and I made ourselves a delightful tiffin. We made jambon and turkey sandwiches with cheese. boodle. and tomatoes on a toasted whole wheat staff of life with honey mustard to add a small spot of a nip to it all. Chris besides made me caramel dark hot cocoa in his fancy Keurig java shaper. After we had sat down and finished our tiffin we walked to a nearby park. or at least I thought it was nearby when I was able to drive my auto. It turns out that what normally takes merely approximately 10 proceedingss driving ends up being about a half an hr walking. During our walk to Perinton Park. we played a game called xanthous auto. The nonsubjective if this game is to name out â€Å"yellow car† whenever you see one passing in the street. parked in a private road or parking batch or wherever one may be. The regulations to this game are that you can non name the auto if it is a company auto. if the auto is a xanthous clout roadster so it counts as two autos. and if you call a auto that is non xanthous. is a company auto. or the auto has been called by person else. you lose a point. At the terminal of the twenty-four hours whoever has the most points wins! Although it is instead difficult to larn all the regulations and to pick up all the xanthous autos. it is a fun manner to entertain yourself and to go through the clip while walking. Within my first hr of the media want my emotions were non any different than they were before I stared. Although my phone had been turned off for about an hr. I truly had no feeling to look into it or to turn it on to see what was go oning with my friends or household. I had no feelings of anxiousness or ennui like I predicted that I would. I as really experiencing reasonably good and was holding a merriment clip. When we eventually got to the park we sat down on one of my favourite xanthous vacillation benches and Chris drew a truly astonishing design. For about 45 proceedingss I sat in awe and watched him do swirling. elegant lines. He made about perfect circles in orange and green that were transformed into multiple peace marks. Zig-zags of blues and purples. random forms that poured onto the paper from his head had me mesmerized. We talked of class while he was pulling. but largely of small things like what my work agenda was or what yearss he had to work. We talked about school and our parents. about the dirt that people deal with when they are friends with certain people. I would look up from his paper filled with colour and inspiration and see an old married twosome walking down the canal way keeping custodies and walking their small old Canis familiaris. I would see a small male child of possibly 8 or 9 siting his motorcycle with assurance. right behind him was his male parent on his ain bike. What I saw reminded me of those old commercials for Kodak where it the announcer said it was a â€Å"Kodak minute. † To me. the scene that was playing out in the park was my really ain Kodak minute with all types of people brought together though one common involvement. this park. Vegetarianism EssayWe eventually got back place and decided that we would hold lemon crusted poulet with parmesan angel hair pasta. Not being able to utilize the cyberspace or cookery books to look up any formulas. we had to improvize. Our lemon crusted poulet was truly merely chicken with bread crumbs and lemon squeezed onto of it and our parmesan angel hair pasta was from a box so it was easy to boil H2O with some milk and so add the pasta and flavorer. Acerate leaf to state the poulet was non every bit appetizing as we had hoped but the pasta was instead delightful. By the clip we were done feeding and cleaned up the kitchen and did the dishes it was one-fourth to 8. We had a little more than an hr to kill and I was experiencing reasonably good about traveling all this clip without media. Despite acquiring frustrated when Chris reminded me that we weren’t allowed to utilize the computing machine to look up dinner formulas. I was pleased and proud of myself for traveling about 7 hours with no media of any sort. I was non really disquieted about what my friends might be believing since I hadn’t answered any messages that I might hold received. but I was a small disquieted about what my ma was believing. that was if she had even called or texted me. To go through the concluding stretch of this undertaking Chris and I played Clue and Monopoly. I non merely redeemed myself from the abashing public presentation during hoops but I dominated in both Clue and Monopoly. I deciphered the hints that resulted in Professor Plum being the liquidator in the kitchen with the lead saloon. Even though we were non able to complete our game of monopoly. we counted our monitory value in belongings and the sum of money we had left from the beginning and I besides beat Chris in that game every bit good. Equally shortly as nine o’clock struck I let out a suspiration of alleviation and said â€Å"I did it! † and stopped playing Monopoly. I was so happy that I was able to state that I had gone 8 hours with no media. The first thing I did was bend on my phone and delay for all the messages to come in. To my letdown. the lone message I had was from my female parent. Not merely was it merely organize my ma. but it was merely a one sentence message inquiring when I was traveling to be place. I realized that I was non that attached to media as I originally thought. I besides came to the decision that the lone existent ground I am on my phone so much is merely because I am bored and feel like I need to look busy. This feeling of holding to look busy or occupied comes from the of all time traveling of all time altering universe that engineering and media has created. Even in the younger coevalss it is socially engraved in us that we have to hold some kind of media with us at all times. If you do non hold a cell phone you aren’t â€Å"cool† if you don’t have the newest version of the iPod you’re labeled as outdated. Everyone needs to hold the biggest and the best. We need 50 telecastings when we go to a saloon so we can jostle nutrient in our oral cavities like a automaton while we get more amusement devouring the media we are exposed to than the nutrient that we are paying for. In all. media is ever around us and the lone true manner for us to ac quire off from it is to go cognizant of it all and to so take yourself from it.